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geof_junk

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  1. Land rights in Australia worth a read before you take a mining claim on privately owned land. By the way find out what rights and minerals a claim owner has.


    Dear yyyyyyyyyyy, I own my own property in Australia. I was wondering how much space directly above and below my land legally belongs to me? For example, do I own the land all the way down to the centre of the Earth, or does it become government/public property after a few feet? Likewise, does the airspace above my house technically belong to me? If so, how far up? Thank you, xxxxxxxxx.

    Dear xxxxxxxxxx,

    Usual caveat: we’re not lawyers and the exact rules differ between states and territories. With that out of the way, here is an overview of property laws in Australia as we understand them.

    In the 13th century, property law subscribed to the Latin principle ‘cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad infernos‘, which translates to: “whoever’s is the soil, it is theirs all the way to Heaven and all the way to the depths below.” This meant that property holders owned not just their plot of land, but 100% of the air and the earth in-between.

    Surprisingly, the above maxim remains in practice as a traditional starting point for property law in the western world. Indeed, the legal definition of “land” continues to include earth and airspace in addition to the ground’s actual surface.

    This affords the landowner certain protections. For example, it is against the law to mine minerals from beneath a property without the permission of the owner; even if their land’s surface wasn’t disturbed.

    Likewise, a neighbour cannot build a property extension or erect a wire that overhangs another person’s land, regardless of how high up in the air it is. (A classic example of “airspace” rights — and one that has caused many a neighbourhood dispute — relates to tree branches encroaching onto another person’s property. In most cases, the affected land owner is entitled to cut these branches down.)

    Under Australian common law, the surface owner’s rights extend downwards sufficiently to permit the extraction of minerals, which includes anything capable of being mined. As explained in the legal guidebook Australian Land Law in Context:

    In the absence of any express or implied limitation of rights, an owner of land, at common law is entitled to the subsoil, ‘cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad infernos’, and to the minerals therein.

    The laws that govern airspace are a bit trickier. Naturally, you can’t restrict commercial aircraft from flying over your house as the sky is considered to be a public highway. Furthermore, the court can force you to remove structures that are considered an encroachment into airspace.

    Private aircraft, including drones, are considered to be trespassing when traversing the land near to the surface. With that said, there does remain some legal uncertainty when it comes to aircraft flying over land. From the Australian Land Law in Context guidebook:

    As long as an aircraft traverses a property at a reasonable height, having regard to all the facts and circumstances, there will be no liability for trespass. On the other hand, as a legislative trade off, there is strict liability should the aircraft cause damage to personal property such as would occur if the aircraft crashed into the land or into a structure erected on the land.

    In other words, while your land rights don’t necessarily extend down to the Earth’s core or up to the cosmos, they aren’t non-existent either. Hope this helps!

    Cheers
    yyyyyyyyyyyy

  2. What I did to a spoked coil was place a skid on the bottom then used an expanding foam to fill the area between the spocks and scaped of the excess to made the top level it worked but was not pretty but kept the weight down. A bit of self adhesive book covering stop build up of dust in the foam as no wear occurs on the top of the coil. 

    • Like 2
  3. I own a garmin VivoActive 3 watch, have had all previous versions. They have a pedometer built in that allows you to setup your stride length. As a bonus it has a GPS built in it. With this Unit you can count your steps, monitor heart rate and calories and your path on a satellite view with Garmin Express. By the way the GPS has outstanding reception in bushwalking conditions. 

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    • Thanks 1
  4. That blade you found brings back memories of being on the other end with my dad. He used to go out cutting eucalyptus trees up for firewood to see us through winter.  

    There were no chainsaw for the general public

    "In 1926, German mechanical engineer, Andreas Stihl patented the first electric chainsaw to be used for logging purposes. Three years later, in 1929, Stihl developed a gas-powered chainsaw version; however, Emil Lerp, founder of Dolmar chainsaw company, had already begun manufacturing gas-powered chainsaws in 1927."

     

    • Like 1
  5. Two things that I have found lost while detecting in remote areas was a GPS and a Sat phone in another location. I hope the Sat Phone was not needed and it was wrecked by the environment when I saw it. The GPS was lost by a mate, he left it were he had found a stray nugget. He tried to find it but got lost himself, he called me up on his Walkie talkie. I was able to get him to walk to a track (a good handrail) with the aid of the sun at 2 o'clock till he hit the track. I found the GPS but there was no other nuggets to be found. 😢

    • Like 1
  6. That is older than any of mine coins,but at least Simon and me are in countries that are 200 years newer than USA with British occupation. 😏 That is a fantastic find. As for cleaning coins wait till you have a lot of them (which will not be long) then look at the dates and mint numbers and experiment on those that you are willing sacrifice, however a bit of water and soap once the dirt and grit have been removed is OK. Keep the legend going.

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