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  1. 18/ Understanding “Below-Zero” Accepts I take this term from the language used with the first programmable, digital machines that came onto the market in the 1980’s. These set a benchmark for all others since. Part of the reason for this was because although they balanced out mineralization in the ground, they also examined the iron in the ground to see if there were targets mixed in with it. If you can imagine a scale of minus 100 to plus 100 with “0” being the line between non-ferrous and ferrous, these machines used “below zero accepts”. By this I mean that they were pre-set to examine part of this iron range (usually the first “30”increments) instead of just knocking it out. This created much better depth (by the standards of the day). These machines also had the ability to pick targets from amongst this iron--by hearing it too rather than just suppressing it. This is also the Anfibio’s strength--but with much more overall sensitivity. So what you have with the Anfibio is a very sophisticated level of filtering and processing that: • -first, gathers a full and very detailed picture of what is under the coil.• -then filters this diverse signal down to sort the (quick-responding) consistent parts from the (slow-responding) less consistent ones. This broad, detailed initial “look” at the ground means that the detector can separate out small, deep objects as well as those that are in very close to iron very effectively. In effect the Anfibio is “reaching” down into the iron range to give the machine more detecting power. This also means that desirable targets that are coming in partly within this range are more readily detectable. Things like stainless watches, corroded targets such as long buried brass also respond better than with other machines. The “trade-off “here is that the line between ferrous and non-ferrous is blurred. This is true of all high Gain detectors. Things like round bolts and some of the more solid iron objects can jump up to overwhelm the discriminate circuit. So you have a “two edged sword.” Where you want to get better responses from low conductors such as gold chains and earrings--you can run a lower discriminate and / or first Tone Break. However, when you do this--more iron, steel (such as bobby-pins), and other weak conductors will respond. Rather than an actual ferrous / non-ferrous line, what you have is more like a “firewall”--and as you bring the Discriminate and first Tone Break up--this “firewall” is made thicker. Learning to manage this “rust line” is a very important skill that will let you select targets with more accuracy and stabilize the unit at high Gain settings. A low Discriminate / Tone Break setting opens the machine up to more of this “below zero” range. This comes through in the form of “crackle” and other falses. A higher setting creates a bigger reject block between the two (plus and minus) “sides.” Understanding this--and being able to choose a correct setting is the essence of running a balanced signal--distributing the unit’s power evenly and—by standard, quietly. It’s important to recognize the fact that what a detector does is not to just punch down into the ground and alert on metal. Instead--as described above--it acts to separate ground from metal. What this means is that the iron and ground’s responses form part of the signal. A good way to understand this is to think of all metal signals as being a “peak” in the larger ground’s signal. The more of this low range you want to inhibit (block off)--the fewer targets will be available. (For hunters interested in re-working “hunted out” type sites--opening up this low discriminate range is another option that can be combined with a slow recovery speed (Deep mode) or a faster one (3 Tone) or targeted hunt methods using one of the three Frequency options). Remember--it’s not depth that obscures targets--it’s the surrounding “noise.” The more of this “noise” you are prepared to learn to “hear though,” the more you will find. Alternately--creating a wider, more solid bottom reject block can also reduce noise--allowing targets to “jump” though as with the Beach mode’s high Discriminate setting of “15.” This type of setting can be used either to bring the machine’s processing up above the noise level of difficult ground or salt sand, or to reduce the noise of dense iron and bring up masked signals. From: "Successful Treasure Hunting with the Notka / Makro Anfibio Multi Metal Detector" by Clive James Clynick (Prestige Publishing, 2020
  2. Robert Verish is a Gold Basin meteorite expert. He has published many articles on the finds made there. Here is an article where he 'puts it all together' and lets you know what you have found or what you could find in Gold Basin. There are more updates if you are interested in the area but this is a primer. I know I could say that I've found over a pound of meteorites from there over the years. http://meteorite-recovery.tripod.com/2008/aug08.htm Mitchel
  3. Hello, I am undertaking a research project at university investigating the detection and extraction of surface gold. I'd appreciate it if you could fill in this short questionnaire to help with my background research. It should only take around 6 minutes, and your input is much appreciated. Thank you https://forms.gle/7WTdq5u1RNDDUG4s6
  4. Just in time for Christmas, the new eighth edition of Jim Straights Follow The Drywashers "The Nuggetshooter's Bible" is now available. This book has a new binder, new cover and an additional 30-40 pages of information. First seen on Rob's forum at http://forums.nuggethunting.com/index.php?/topic/11756-jim-straights-new-nuggetshooters-bible-new-edition-volume-8/
  5. What's New in Version 4901-0249-5-EN Manual updated for Firmware Version 2; changes to Equinox 600 back light settings (page 32) and Iron Bias setting for both Equinox models (page 52). https://www.detectorprospector.com/files/file/39-minelab-equinox-600-800-user-guide/
  6. anyone know about any metal detecting books like about metal detectors or has metal detectors in it like treasure hunting
  7. Hi there, has anyone here used geophysical surveys to define a buried river chanel?
  8. Finally got to hunt an old home site yesterday evening. The elderly gentleman had given me permission to hunt all his property and he had kindly given me a little history of the different home site that were on the property. I listen intently to every word to obtain as much information as possible of each locations. One of the sites was a home assembled using wooden pegs. He proceeded to explain that he tore the home down and burned the balance then proceeded to get a dozer to grade the property and fill in with dirt. He did explain that anything there would be over a foot deep and he was correct, I couldn’t find anything that would date the property to the early 1800’s. The second site I hit yesterday and even though I didn’t find any nice relics I had a lot of fun just hunting. Moving around in the area I noticed a section where the Equinox would give many false high tones. Knowing this usually meant iron I opened up the screen and every sweep revealed multiply low tone iron signals. After a while I decided to start digging these low tones that gave an ID of -3 and found my answer, cut nails. Wow, that means I’m on an old site, yes, excitement overwhelmed me for a few minutes. Noticed the Ole man walking up the field to where I was I waited for his arrival. Knowing he would have more to say and the very first thing out of his mouth was, “have you dug any cut nails yet?” My answer, yes sir and handed him one and the story unfolds more detail of the site. He said when he was a child there was only a few foundation rocks left of this house, no wood but only the rock foundation. That was 80 years ago and he estimated the site may have been 200 years old. At that point I got extremely excited at what might be here until the very next statement from the gentleman. “Mark, I had the site leveled many years ago.” “But I pushed all the dirt to level the lot in one direction and I would guess your best bet of finding anything would be along the banks of the hill.” Well, yet another let down, a site dozed, that destroys the originality of where and what could have been found. But I’ll continue to hunt while I can and digging cuts nails is still fun. "Nails provide one of the best clues to help determine the age of historic buildings, especially those constructed during the nineteenth century, when nail-making technology advanced rapidly. Until the last decade of the 1700s and the early 1800s, hand-wrought nails typically fastened the sheathing and roof boards on building frames. These nails were made one by one by a blacksmith or nailor from square iron rod. After heating the rod in a forge, the nailor would hammer all four sides of the softened end to form a point. The pointed nail rod was reheated and cut off. Then the nail maker would insert the hot nail into a hole in a nail header or anvil and form a head with several glancing blows of the hammer. The most common shape was the rosehead; however, broad "butterfly" heads and narrow L-heads also were crafted. L-head nails were popular for finish work, trim boards, and flooring. Between the 1790s and the early 1800s, various machines were invented in the United States for making nails from bars of iron. The earliest machines sheared nails off the iron bar like a guillotine. The taper of the shank was produced by wiggling the bar from side to side with every stroke. These are known as type A cut nails. At first, the heads were typically made by hand as before, but soon separate mechanical nail heading machines were developed that pounded a head on the end of each nail. This type of nail was made until the 1820s. By the 1810s, however, a more effective design for a nail making machine was developed; it flipped the iron bar over after each stroke. With the cutter set at an angle, every nail was sheared off to a taper. With the resulting nails thus all oriented in the same direction, it became possible for the same machine to automatically grip each nail and form a head in a continuous mechanical operation. Nails made by this method are known as type B nails. Cutting the nails leaves a small burr along the edge as the metal is sheared. By carefully examining the edges for evidence of these burrs, it is possible to distinguish between the earlier type A nails and the later type B nails. Type A nails have burrs on the diagonally opposite edges, while the type B nails have both burrs on the same side because the metal was flipped for each stroke. This kind of evidence can be used to establish the approximate period of construction or alteration of a building. Type B cut nails continued to be the most common through most of the greater part of the nineteenth century. With the rapid development of the Bessemer process for producing inexpensive soft steel during the 1880s, however, the popularity of using iron for nail making quickly waned. By 1886, 10 percent of the nails produced in the United States were made of soft steel wire. Within six years, more steel-wire nails were being produced than iron-cut nails. By 1913, 90 percent were wire nails. Cut nails are still made today, however, with the type B method. These are commonly used for fastening hardwood flooring and for various other specialty uses."
  9. Steve has listed many valuable USGS books, publications and other items for you to obtain or find in a library so you can see where gold was found..This makes decisions so much easier about areas you might be interested in.. One bit of advice that I learned from these publications and I have had most of them for years for I studied the ones I was interested in carefully ... I soon realized these old time geologists that traveled to these sites many times on horseback is this, they were very thorough in their investigations... The language they used to describe what they saw made me realize this was the info I needed to successfully use a Detector in that area.. These words that you are looking for are Coarse, Shotty, Rough, Nuggety Heavy Etc..These are areas that contain gold that can easily be found by a persistent hunter.. Good Luck, Good Hunting and Never give up.....
  10. Version 1.0.0

    64 downloads

    Excel spreadsheet with results of one week survey taken on seven online forums in September 2015. Metal Detecting & Gold Prospecting Forums
  11. Version 1968

    260 downloads

    Principal Gold Producing Districts of the United States by A. H. Koschmann and M. H. Bergendahl (USGS) 1968 USGS Professional Paper 610, 30.66 MB pdf file, 290 pages A description of the geology, mining history, and production of the major gold-mining districts in 21 states. Gold Panning, Sluicing, Dredging, Drywashing Forum
  12. Version 1973

    65 downloads

    Placer Gold Deposits of Utah by Maureen G. Johnson (USGS) 1973 USGS Bulletin 1357, 1.94 MB pdf file, 32 pages A catalog of location, geology, and production, with lists of annotated references pertaining to the placer districts of Utah. Gold Panning, Sluicing, Dredging, Drywashing Forum
  13. Version 1972

    69 downloads

    Placer Gold Deposits of New Mexico by Maureen G. Johnson (USGS) 1972 USGS Bulletin 1348, 3.17 MB pdf file, 50 pages A catalog of location, geology, and production, with lists of annotated references pertaining to the placer districts of New Mexico. Gold Panning, Sluicing, Dredging, Drywashing Forum
  14. Version 1989

    166 downloads

    Placer Examination Principles And Practice by John H. Wells (BLM) BLM Technical Bulletin 4 1969 Reprinted with errata 1989, 9.37 MB pdf file, 195 pages The classic work on evaluating precious metal placer deposits. Gold Panning, Sluicing, Dredging, Drywashing Forum
  15. Added to the Free Books section of the Downloads area.... Placer Deposits of Alaska by Edward H. Cobb (USGS) Placer Examination Principles And Practice by John H. Wells (BLM) Placer Gold Deposits of Arizona by Maureen G. Johnson (USGS) Placer Gold Deposits of Nevada by Maureen G. Johnson (USGS) more soon.....
  16. I accidently tripped over this little pdf pamphlet while doing research..... https://www.nevadacitychamber.com/images/gold_mining.pdf
  17. Land Matters updated their Mining Claim Maps this past Wednesday. Although the LR2000 has been shut down Land Matters gets their data directly from the main BLM database in Denver. This mining claims update is only current until the gov shutdown on December 21st. We've been updating these maps twice a month for more than 4 years now. There have been some really big changes in Arizona this past month with a lot of ground opening up in some very good areas. A lot of the newly closed claims were old, from the 1930's and later so this isn't just the usual end of year churn. On a related subject the LR2000 went live again today. I guess the new boss told them to flip the switch? It did seem petty to take it down during the shutdown since the servers are already paid for.
  18. For those that get the ICMJ, Norm aka Klunker wrote a fine article in the most recent issue. Very funny, of course! For about 10 cents (American) a day you could be getting these articles thanks for the laughs, Klunker fred
  19. At the ICMJ we've decided to post a free issue of the prospecting and Mining Journal magazine on the internet for any new folks who are around to see what it is. (Also experienced prospectors who are wondering about the magazine). We have up to date articles about how to get more gold in your prospecting, legal issues and the best equipment out there for finding gold. If you have any interest in prospecting, this is the magazine you will the most learn from. I may be a little biased as I'm the assistant Editor, but on the other hand I've been getting this magazine since the late 1970s and its always been a lot of fun. Take a look, I think you'll be glad you did. I you want to subscribe, the subscription info is on the inside of the last page. Its worth not missing a single issue. https://www.icmj.com/resources/news-and-events/miners-news/free-online-sample-issue-392/
  20. I just came across this Book "Forgotten Coins of the North American Colonies" on eBaySo I decided to buy it with the CD. It just arrived yesterday and I am floored at this extensive study of colonial counterfeits, the book is nearly 1" thick and the coins are reproduced over sized, it a great inexpensive reference guide, and an in-depth education into how raw it was to have to manage during those early years
  21. "The Portable Antiquities Scheme's database holds records of archaeological finds discovered by members of the public. These are found while carrying out a wide range of activities including metal-detecting. Our first record was made in 1998, the half-million mark was reached in March 2010, and our millionth object, a Roman coin from the Seaton hoard, was recorded in September 2014. Our database is easy to search, and your search results can be filtered to find just the data you want. You can find tips on searching the database here. Our records are available with differing levels of information, depending on your user account. The Scheme is very willing to give research access to researchers who register with us for higher-level access. An ever increasing body of research is now being conducted on our collated data, enabling some very high-calibre work with great success in obtaining AHRC and other sources of funding. We do not record details of objects found by professional archaeologists (details of these can be found by contacting your local Historic Environment Record) but we do occasionally incorporate data recorded by other institutions. In March 2010 we added the records of the Oxford University Celtic Coin Index (CCI- prefix) and Cardiff University's Iron Age and Roman coins of Wales project (IARCW- prefix). These records complement the data that the Scheme collects itself, but the information has been imported from a different data model, so images and inscriptions are not always available. We do not have access to the objects to improve this situation. Most of our images are available under a CC-BY licence. We encourage people to use our data and images as widely as possible. Enjoy!" Visit the website
  22. Hello all! I can not seem to find a copy to purchase of the 8th Edition of Jim Straight's Follow the Drywashers Vol 3. The Nuggetshooters Bible. I have the 6th Edition and I would like to see what has been updated and added since. I have heard there are over 40 new pages of material! The other book that I have been wanting to read is Larry Sallee's The Complete Unabridged Zip Zip! I just can not afford the $200 price tag on this book nor do any libraries have it. I was wondering if anyone would be kind enough to let me borrow their copies. I would only need it for a couple weeks. I would pay for shipping both ways (PayPal friends), I could even put a deposit down or something. Would anyone be willing to give a hand? Thank you!
  23. I've seen these books recommended here and elsewhere. I'd like more info on them, and my web searching has only led to confusion. My observations: 1) these books were not widely distributed; 2) they are out-of-print; 3) they are not cheap. I know several of you are familiar with these works. Could you explain the differences among the editions? If I'm going to spend as much or more on these as I do on coils I'd like to avoid duplicate purchases. Thanks in advance.
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